#include <BloodChemistry.h>

Inherits PulseBloodChemistrySystem.

Public Member Functions
virtual	~BloodChemistry ()

void	Clear ()
	Deletes all members. More...

void	Initialize ()
	Initializes system properties. More...

void	SetUp ()
	Initializes parameters for BloodChemistry Class. More...

void	AtSteadyState ()
	Notify systems that steady state has been achieved. More...

void	PreProcess ()
	Blood Chemistry Preprocess method. More...

void	Process (bool solve_and_transport=true)
	Blood Chemistry process method. More...

void	PostProcess (bool solve_and_transport=true)
	Blood Chemistry postprocess method. More...

bool	CalculateCompleteBloodCount (SECompleteBloodCount &cbc) const
	Sets data on the complete blood count object. More...

bool	CalculateComprehensiveMetabolicPanel (SEComprehensiveMetabolicPanel &cmp) const
	Sets data on the metabolic panel object. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from PulseBloodChemistrySystem
	PulseBloodChemistrySystem (Logger *logger)

virtual	~PulseBloodChemistrySystem ()=default

virtual const SEScalar *	GetScalar (const std::string &name) override
	A reflextion type call that will return the Scalar associated with the string. ex. GetScalar("Hematocrit") will return the SEScalarPercent object associated with Hematocrit More...

Public Member Functions inherited from SEBloodChemistrySystem
	SEBloodChemistrySystem (Logger *logger)

virtual	~SEBloodChemistrySystem ()

virtual bool	HasBloodDensity () const
	Check to see if an property or child object has been allocated. More...

virtual SEScalarMassPerVolume &	GetBloodDensity ()
	Return the Property/Child object, if it does not exist, it will be allocated. More...

virtual double	GetBloodDensity (const MassPerVolumeUnit &unit) const
	Returns the value of the Property, NaN is returned if the property does not exist. More...

virtual bool	HasBloodPH () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalar &	GetBloodPH ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetBloodPH () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasBloodSpecificHeat () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarHeatCapacitancePerMass &	GetBloodSpecificHeat ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetBloodSpecificHeat (const HeatCapacitancePerMassUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasBloodUreaNitrogenConcentration () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarMassPerVolume &	GetBloodUreaNitrogenConcentration ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetBloodUreaNitrogenConcentration (const MassPerVolumeUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasCarbonDioxideSaturation () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalar0To1 &	GetCarbonDioxideSaturation ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetCarbonDioxideSaturation () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasCarbonMonoxideSaturation () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalar0To1 &	GetCarbonMonoxideSaturation ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetCarbonMonoxideSaturation () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasHematocrit () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalar0To1 &	GetHematocrit ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetHematocrit () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasHemoglobinContent () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarMass &	GetHemoglobinContent ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetHemoglobinContent (const MassUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasOxygenSaturation () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalar0To1 &	GetOxygenSaturation ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetOxygenSaturation () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasPhosphate () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarAmountPerVolume &	GetPhosphate ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetPhosphate (const AmountPerVolumeUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasPlasmaVolume () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarVolume &	GetPlasmaVolume ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetPlasmaVolume (const VolumeUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasPulseOximetry () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalar0To1 &	GetPulseOximetry ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetPulseOximetry () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasRedBloodCellCount () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarAmountPerVolume &	GetRedBloodCellCount ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetRedBloodCellCount (const AmountPerVolumeUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasStrongIonDifference () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarAmountPerVolume &	GetStrongIonDifference ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetStrongIonDifference (const AmountPerVolumeUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasShuntFraction () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalar0To1 &	GetShuntFraction ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetShuntFraction () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasTotalProteinConcentration () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarMassPerVolume &	GetTotalProteinConcentration ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetTotalProteinConcentration (const MassPerVolumeUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasVolumeFractionNeutralPhospholipidInPlasma () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalar0To1 &	GetVolumeFractionNeutralPhospholipidInPlasma ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetVolumeFractionNeutralPhospholipidInPlasma () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasVolumeFractionNeutralLipidInPlasma () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalar0To1 &	GetVolumeFractionNeutralLipidInPlasma ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetVolumeFractionNeutralLipidInPlasma () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasWhiteBloodCellCount () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarAmountPerVolume &	GetWhiteBloodCellCount ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetWhiteBloodCellCount (const AmountPerVolumeUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasArterialCarbonDioxidePressure () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarPressure &	GetArterialCarbonDioxidePressure ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetArterialCarbonDioxidePressure (const PressureUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasArterialOxygenPressure () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarPressure &	GetArterialOxygenPressure ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetArterialOxygenPressure (const PressureUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasPulmonaryArterialCarbonDioxidePressure () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarPressure &	GetPulmonaryArterialCarbonDioxidePressure ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetPulmonaryArterialCarbonDioxidePressure (const PressureUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasPulmonaryArterialOxygenPressure () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarPressure &	GetPulmonaryArterialOxygenPressure ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetPulmonaryArterialOxygenPressure (const PressureUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasPulmonaryVenousCarbonDioxidePressure () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarPressure &	GetPulmonaryVenousCarbonDioxidePressure ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetPulmonaryVenousCarbonDioxidePressure (const PressureUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasPulmonaryVenousOxygenPressure () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarPressure &	GetPulmonaryVenousOxygenPressure ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetPulmonaryVenousOxygenPressure (const PressureUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasVenousCarbonDioxidePressure () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarPressure &	GetVenousCarbonDioxidePressure ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetVenousCarbonDioxidePressure (const PressureUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual bool	HasVenousOxygenPressure () const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

virtual SEScalarPressure &	GetVenousOxygenPressure ()
	Get member class, allocate if nullptr. More...

virtual double	GetVenousOxygenPressure (const PressureUnit &unit) const
	Test if member has been allocated More...

Public Member Functions inherited from SESystem
	SESystem (Logger *logger)

virtual	~SESystem ()

Public Member Functions inherited from Loggable
	Loggable (Logger *logger=nullptr)

	Loggable (std::string const &logfile)

virtual	~Loggable ()

virtual Logger *	GetLogger () const

virtual void	SetLogger (Logger &logger)

virtual void	Debug (std::string const &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Debug (std::stringstream &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Debug (std::ostream &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Info (std::string const &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Info (std::stringstream &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Info (const std::stringstream &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Info (std::ostream &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Warning (std::string const &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Warning (std::stringstream &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Warning (std::ostream &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Error (std::string const &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Error (std::stringstream &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Error (std::ostream &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Fatal (std::string const &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Fatal (std::stringstream &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Fatal (std::ostream &msg, std::string const &origin=empty) const

std::string	to_string (int i)

std::string	to_string (unsigned int i)

std::string	to_string (size_t t)

std::string	to_string (float f)

std::string	to_string (double d)

Protected Member Functions
	BloodChemistry (PulseData &data)

void	ComputeExposedModelParameters () override

void	CheckBloodGasLevels ()
	Checks the blood gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide) levels and sets events. More...

Protected Attributes
PulseData &	m_data

SERunningAverage *	m_ArterialOxygen_mmHg

SERunningAverage *	m_ArterialCarbonDioxide_mmHg

double	m_redBloodCellVolume_mL

double	m_HbPerRedBloodCell_ug_Per_ct

SELiquidCompartment *	m_aorta

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity *	m_aortaO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity *	m_aortaCO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity *	m_aortaCO

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity *	m_brainO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity *	m_myocardiumO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity *	m_pulmonaryArteriesO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity *	m_pulmonaryArteriesCO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity *	m_pulmonaryVeinsO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity *	m_pulmonaryVeinsCO2

SELiquidCompartment *	m_venaCava

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity *	m_venaCavaO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity *	m_venaCavaCO2

Protected Attributes inherited from SEBloodChemistrySystem
SEScalarMassPerVolume *	m_BloodDensity

SEScalar *	m_BloodPH

SEScalarHeatCapacitancePerMass *	m_BloodSpecificHeat

SEScalarMassPerVolume *	m_BloodUreaNitrogenConcentration

SEScalar0To1 *	m_CarbonDioxideSaturation

SEScalar0To1 *	m_CarbonMonoxideSaturation

SEScalar0To1 *	m_Hematocrit

SEScalarMass *	m_HemoglobinContent

SEScalar0To1 *	m_OxygenSaturation

SEScalarAmountPerVolume *	m_Phosphate

SEScalarVolume *	m_PlasmaVolume

SEScalar0To1 *	m_PulseOximetry

SEScalarAmountPerVolume *	m_RedBloodCellCount

SEScalar0To1 *	m_ShuntFraction

SEScalarAmountPerVolume *	m_StrongIonDifference

SEScalarMassPerVolume *	m_TotalProteinConcentration

SEScalar0To1 *	m_VolumeFractionNeutralPhospholipidInPlasma

SEScalar0To1 *	m_VolumeFractionNeutralLipidInPlasma

SEScalarAmountPerVolume *	m_WhiteBloodCellCount

SEScalarPressure *	m_ArterialCarbonDioxidePressure

SEScalarPressure *	m_ArterialOxygenPressure

SEScalarPressure *	m_PulmonaryArterialCarbonDioxidePressure

SEScalarPressure *	m_PulmonaryArterialOxygenPressure

SEScalarPressure *	m_PulmonaryVenousCarbonDioxidePressure

SEScalarPressure *	m_PulmonaryVenousOxygenPressure

SEScalarPressure *	m_VenousCarbonDioxidePressure

SEScalarPressure *	m_VenousOxygenPressure

Protected Attributes inherited from SESystem
std::stringstream	m_ss

Protected Attributes inherited from Loggable
bool	myLogger

Logger *	m_Logger

Friends
class	PulseData

class	PBPulsePhysiology

class	PulseEngineTest

Additional Inherited Members
Static Public Member Functions inherited from SESystem
static const SEScalar *	GetScalar (const std::string &name, std::vector< SESystem > systems)

Static Public Attributes inherited from Loggable
static const std::string	empty

Detailed Description

The Blood Chemistry System holds the system-level blood substance data that is computed on the compartment level by other systems.

The goal of the blood chemistry system in the Pulse engine is complete analysis on the blood at any given point during the simulation. The blood chemistry system houses all of the blood concentrations and compositions needed to assess a patient's health. This system is under development and will be improved in future releases to include more substances that can provide clinician level details and assessments, such as a CBC and blood panel.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ BloodChemistry()

BloodChemistry::BloodChemistry ( PulseData & data )

protected

◆ ~BloodChemistry()

BloodChemistry::~BloodChemistry ( )

virtual

Member Function Documentation

◆ AtSteadyState()

void BloodChemistry::AtSteadyState ( )

virtual

Notify systems that steady state has been achieved.

Implements PulseSystem.

◆ CalculateCompleteBloodCount()

bool BloodChemistry::CalculateCompleteBloodCount ( SECompleteBloodCount & cbc ) const

Sets data on the complete blood count object.

Sets data on the complete blood count object to create the CBC.

◆ CalculateComprehensiveMetabolicPanel()

bool BloodChemistry::CalculateComprehensiveMetabolicPanel ( SEComprehensiveMetabolicPanel & cmp ) const

Sets data on the metabolic panel object.

Sets data on the metabolic panel object to create the metabolic panel. Uses information from the chem 14 substances that are in Pulse (see bloodchemistry-assessments)

◆ CheckBloodGasLevels()

void BloodChemistry::CheckBloodGasLevels ( )

protected

Checks the blood gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide) levels and sets events.

Checks the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in specific compartments of the body. Set events for hypercapnia, Hypoxia, and Brain and MyoCardium Oxygen Deficit based on the levels.

Event:: Patient: Hypercapnia. The carbon dioxide partial pressure has risen above 60 mmHg. The patient is now hypercapnic.

Irreversible:: The carbon dioxide partial pressure is greater than 80 mmHg.

Event:: Patient: End Hypercapnia. The carbon dioxide partial pressure has fallen below 57 mmHg. The patient is no longer considered to be hypercapnic. This event is triggered if the patient was hypercapnic and is now considered to be recovered.

Event:: Patient: Hypoxia Event. The oxygen partial pressure has fallen below 65 mmHg, indicating that the patient is hypoxic.

Irreversible:: Arterial oxygen partial pressure has been critically reduced to below 15 mmHg.

Event:: Patient: End Hypoxia Event. The oxygen partial pressure has rise above 68 mmHg. If this occurs when the patient is hypoxic, it will reverse the hypoxic event. The patient is no longer considered to be hypoxic.

Event:: Patient: Severe Hyperoxemia: Arterial O2 Partial Pressure is above 200 mmHg causing oxygen toxicity

Event:: Patient: Moderate Hyperoxemia: Arterial O2 Partial Pressure is above 120 mmHg

Event:: Patient: Severe Hypocapnia: Arterial CO2 Partial Pressure is below 15 mmHg

Event:: Patient: Moderate Hypocapnia: Arterial CO2 Partial Pressure is below 30 mmHg

Event:: Patient: Brain Oxygen Deficit Event. The oxygen partial pressure in the brain has dropped to a dangerously low level.

Irreversible:: Brain oxygen pressure has been dangerously low for more than 30 minutes.

Event:: Patient: Critical Brain Oxygen Deficit Event. The oxygen partial pressure in the brain has dropped to a critically low level.

Event:: Patient: End Brain Oxygen Deficit Event. The oxygen partial pressure has risen above 12 mmHg in the brain. If this occurs when the patient has a critical brain oxygen deficit event, it will reverse the event. The brain is not in a critical oxygen deficit.

Event:: Patient: End Brain Oxygen Deficit Event. The oxygen partial pressure has risen above 25 mmHg in the brain. If this occurs when the patient has a brain oxygen deficit event, it will reverse the event. The brain is getting oxygen.

Event:: Patient: The heart is not receiving enough oxygen. Coronary arteries should dilate to increase blood flow to the heart.

Irreversible:: Heart has not been receiving enough oxygen for more than 40 min.

Event:: Patient: End Myocardium Oxygen Event. The heart is now receiving enough oxygen. If this occurs when the patient has a heart oxygen deficit event, it will reverse the event. The brain is getting oxygen.

◆ Clear()

void BloodChemistry::Clear ( )

virtual

Deletes all members.

Reimplemented from SEBloodChemistrySystem.

◆ ComputeExposedModelParameters()

void BloodChemistry::ComputeExposedModelParameters ( )

overrideprotectedvirtual

Implements PulseBloodChemistrySystem.

◆ Initialize()

void BloodChemistry::Initialize ( )

virtual

Initializes system properties.

For stabilization only! Called AFTER Setup when stabilizing a new patient

Reimplemented from PulseSystem.

◆ PostProcess()

void BloodChemistry::PostProcess ( bool solve_and_transport = true )

virtual

Blood Chemistry postprocess method.

The current Pulse implementation has no specific postprocess functionality.

Implements PulseSystem.

◆ PreProcess()

void BloodChemistry::PreProcess ( )

virtual

Blood Chemistry Preprocess method.

The current Pulse implementation has no functionality in the preprocess function for blood chemistry.

Implements PulseSystem.

◆ Process()

void BloodChemistry::Process ( bool solve_and_transport = true )

virtual

Blood Chemistry process method.

The system data (blood concentrations, blood gases, and other blood properties) that are calculated or changed by other systems are set on the blood chemistry system data objects. Events are triggered at specific blood concentrations of certain substances in CheckBloodGasLevels().

Todo:: Change system data so that we have ArterialBloodPH (from aorta) and VenousBloodPH (from vena cava)

Implements PulseSystem.

◆ SetUp()

void BloodChemistry::SetUp ( )

virtual

Initializes parameters for BloodChemistry Class.

Called during both State loading and Patient Stabilization Pull and setup up our data (can be from other systems) Initialize will be called after this and can overwrite any of this data (only if stabilizing)

Implements PulseSystem.

Friends And Related Function Documentation

◆ PBPulsePhysiology

friend class PBPulsePhysiology

friend

◆ PulseData

friend class PulseData

friend

◆ PulseEngineTest

friend class PulseEngineTest

friend

Member Data Documentation

◆ m_aorta

SELiquidCompartment* BloodChemistry::m_aorta

protected

◆ m_aortaCO

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity* BloodChemistry::m_aortaCO

protected

◆ m_aortaCO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity* BloodChemistry::m_aortaCO2

protected

◆ m_aortaO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity* BloodChemistry::m_aortaO2

protected

◆ m_ArterialCarbonDioxide_mmHg

SERunningAverage* BloodChemistry::m_ArterialCarbonDioxide_mmHg

protected

◆ m_ArterialOxygen_mmHg

SERunningAverage* BloodChemistry::m_ArterialOxygen_mmHg

protected

◆ m_brainO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity* BloodChemistry::m_brainO2

protected

◆ m_data

PulseData& BloodChemistry::m_data

protected

◆ m_HbPerRedBloodCell_ug_Per_ct

double BloodChemistry::m_HbPerRedBloodCell_ug_Per_ct

protected

◆ m_myocardiumO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity* BloodChemistry::m_myocardiumO2

protected

◆ m_pulmonaryArteriesCO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity* BloodChemistry::m_pulmonaryArteriesCO2

protected

◆ m_pulmonaryArteriesO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity* BloodChemistry::m_pulmonaryArteriesO2

protected

◆ m_pulmonaryVeinsCO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity* BloodChemistry::m_pulmonaryVeinsCO2

protected

◆ m_pulmonaryVeinsO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity* BloodChemistry::m_pulmonaryVeinsO2

protected

◆ m_redBloodCellVolume_mL

double BloodChemistry::m_redBloodCellVolume_mL

protected

◆ m_venaCava

SELiquidCompartment* BloodChemistry::m_venaCava

protected

◆ m_venaCavaCO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity* BloodChemistry::m_venaCavaCO2

protected

◆ m_venaCavaO2

SELiquidSubstanceQuantity* BloodChemistry::m_venaCavaO2

protected

Public Member Functions

Protected Member Functions

Protected Attributes

Friends

Additional Inherited Members

Detailed Description

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ BloodChemistry()

◆ ~BloodChemistry()

Member Function Documentation

◆ AtSteadyState()

◆ CalculateCompleteBloodCount()

◆ CalculateComprehensiveMetabolicPanel()

◆ CheckBloodGasLevels()

◆ Clear()

◆ ComputeExposedModelParameters()

◆ Initialize()

◆ PostProcess()

◆ PreProcess()

◆ Process()

◆ SetUp()

Friends And Related Function Documentation

◆ PBPulsePhysiology

◆ PulseData

◆ PulseEngineTest

Member Data Documentation

◆ m_aorta

◆ m_aortaCO

◆ m_aortaCO2

◆ m_aortaO2

◆ m_ArterialCarbonDioxide_mmHg

◆ m_ArterialOxygen_mmHg

◆ m_brainO2

◆ m_data

◆ m_HbPerRedBloodCell_ug_Per_ct

◆ m_myocardiumO2

◆ m_pulmonaryArteriesCO2

◆ m_pulmonaryArteriesO2

◆ m_pulmonaryVeinsCO2

◆ m_pulmonaryVeinsO2

◆ m_redBloodCellVolume_mL

◆ m_venaCava

◆ m_venaCavaCO2

◆ m_venaCavaO2