MechanicalVentilator-Healthy
MechanicalVentilatorHealthy
Description
A healthy male patient with a predicted body weight of 60 kg is mechanically ventilated. These are the data sources:
- Resistance: Inspiratory resistance (Rinsp) is assumed equal to expiratory resistance (Rexp), taken from Arnal et al [1] (Table 9).
- Compliance: Taken from Arnal et al [1] (Table 3).
- Dead space: Standard healthy values taken from the Kacmarek et al Fundamentals of Respiratory Care page 63 [5].
- Shunt: Standard healthy values taken from the Kacmarek et al Fundamentals of Respiratory Care page 68 [5].
- Ventilator Settings: All ventilator settings were takeng from Arnal et al [1] (Table 2) for a male patient aged 73 years and predicted body weight of 60 kg. Note that the mode for simulation is PC-CMV, which is equivalent to the mode used by Arnal et [1] for passive pateints. Equivalent settings for tidal volume, rate, and inspiratory time can be used for volume control simulations.
- Blood Gas Values: Standard healthy values taken from the Kacmarek et al Fundamentals of Respiratory Care [5].
Segment Validation
Segment 1
Ventilator settings are (VT Target = 7.4 mL/kg (ideal)):
| Mode | VT (mL) | PIP (cmH2O) | Flow (L/min) | I:E | TI (s) | RR (bpm) | PEEP (cmH2O) | FiO2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PC-CMV | 444 | Adjust | NA | 0.6 | 1.3 | 17 | 5 | 0.26 |
| Property Name | Validation | Engine Value | Percent Error | Percent Change | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| InspiratoryRespiratoryResistance(cmH2O_s/L) | EqualTo (10.0) [1] | 10.3 | 2.71% | Rinsp | |
| ExpiratoryRespiratoryResistance(cmH2O_s/L) | EqualTo (10.0) [1] | 10.3 | 2.71% | Rexp | |
| RespiratoryCompliance(mL/cmH2O) | EqualTo (54.0) [8] | 53.1 | 1.74% | C | |
| PhysiologicDeadSpaceTidalVolumeRatio | [0.200,0.400] [5] | 0.288 | 0.00% | VD/VT | |
| ShuntFraction | LessThan (0.0500) [5] | 0.0261 | -47.9% | QS/QT | |
| MechanicalVentilator-TidalVolume(mL) | EqualTo (444) [1] | 432 | 2.63% | VT (measured) | |
| BloodPH | [7.35,7.45] [5] | 7.40 | 0.00% | pH | |
| Aorta-Oxygen-PartialPressure(mmHg) | GreaterThan (75.0) [5] | 119 | 58.3% | PaO2 | |
| Aorta-CarbonDioxide-PartialPressure(mmHg) | LessThan (45.0) [5] | 41.7 | -7.37% | PaCO2 | |
| OxygenSaturation | GreaterThan (0.950) [5] | 0.987 | 3.91% | SpO2 | |
| HorowitzIndex(mmHg) | [400,500] [5] | 458 | 0.00% | PaO2/FiO2 | |
| HorowitzIndex(mmHg) | GreaterThan (300) [3] | 458 | 52.6% | PaO2/FiO2 |
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| Property Name | Engine Value |
|---|---|
| Patient-Height(in) | 64.3 |
| Patient-IdealBodyWeight(kg) | 60.0 |
| InspiratoryRespiratoryResistance(cmH2O_s/L) | 10.3 |
| ExpiratoryRespiratoryResistance(cmH2O_s/L) | 10.3 |
| RespiratoryCompliance(mL/cmH2O) | 53.1 |
| ApparentPhysiologicDeadSpaceTidalVolumeRatio | 0.408 |
| ApparentShuntFraction | 0.0952 |
| MechanicalVentilator-TidalVolume(L) | 0.432 |
| BloodPH | 7.40 |
| Aorta-Oxygen-PartialPressure(mmHg) | 119 |
| Aorta-CarbonDioxide-PartialPressure(mmHg) | 41.7 |
| Aorta-Bicarbonate-Molarity(mEq/L) | 26.0 |
| OxygenSaturation | 0.987 |
| HorowitzIndex(mmHg) | 458 |
| IntrinsicPositiveEndExpiratoryPressure(cmH2O) | 0.129 |
| MechanicalVentilator-RespirationRate(1/min) | 16.9 |
| MechanicalVentilator-MeanAirwayPressure(cmH2O) | 8.25 |
| MechanicalVentilator-PeakInspiratoryPressure(cmH2O) | 14.0 |
| MechanicalVentilator-PlateauPressure(cmH2O) | 13.3 |
| HeartRate(1/min) | 70.5 |
| SystolicArterialPressure(mmHg) | 114 |
| DiastolicArterialPressure(mmHg) | 72.2 |
| MechanicalVentilator-TotalPulmonaryVentilation(L/min) | 7.33 |
| MechanicalVentilator-InspiratoryResistance(cmH2O_s/L) | 10.3 |
| MechanicalVentilator-ExpiratoryResistance(cmH2O_s/L) | 10.3 |
| MechanicalVentilator-StaticRespiratoryCompliance(mL/cmH2O) | 53.0 |
| MechanicalVentilator-DynamicRespiratoryCompliance(mL/cmH2O) | 48.1 |
| MechanicalVentilator-EndTidalCarbonDioxidePressure(mmHg) | 36.6 |
| MechanicalVentilator-EndTidalOxygenPressure(mmHg) | 156 |
| MechanicalVentilator-ExpiratoryTidalVolume(L) | 0.432 |
| MechanicalVentilator-InspiratoryExpiratoryRatio | 0.580 |
| MechanicalVentilator-InspiratoryTidalVolume(L) | 0.432 |
| MechanicalVentilator-PeakExpiratoryFlow(L/s) | 0.651 |
| MechanicalVentilator-LeakFraction | 0.00 |
| MechanicalVentilator-IntrinsicPositiveEndExpiratoryPressure(cmH2O) | 0.133 |
| MechanicalVentilator-ExtrinsicPositiveEndExpiratoryPressure(cmH2O) | 5.00 |
| MechanicalVentilator-TotalPositiveEndExpiratoryPressure(cmH2O) | 5.13 |
| PhysiologicDeadSpaceTidalVolumeRatio | 0.288 |
| ShuntFraction | 0.0261 |
| TotalRespiratoryModelInspiratoryResistance(cmH2O_s/L) | 10.3 |
| TotalRespiratoryModelExpiratoryResistance(cmH2O_s/L) | 10.3 |
| TotalRespiratoryModelCompliance(mL/cmH2O) | 65.3 |
| ExtrinsicPositiveEndExpiratoryPressure(cmH2O) | 5.00 |
| TotalPositiveEndExpiratoryPressure(cmH2O) | 5.13 |
| EndTidalCarbonDioxidePressure(mmHg) | 38.3 |
| PhysiologicDeadSpace(mL) | 121 |
| AlveolarArterialGradient(mmHg) | 33.1 |
| AlveolarDeadSpace(mL) | 1.00 |
| AnatomicDeadSpace(mL) | 120 |
| ChestWallCompliance(L/cmH2O) | 0.135 |
| FractionOfInspiredOxygen | 0.259 |
| LungCompliance(L/cmH2O) | 0.0900 |
| VentilationPerfusionRatio | 1.34 |
| HeartStrokeVolume(mL) | 79.3 |
| HeartEjectionFraction | 0.577 |
| BloodVolume(L) | 4.14 |
| MeanArterialPressure(mmHg) | 94.6 |
| PulsePressure(mmHg) | 41.7 |
| CardiacOutput(L/min) | 5.60 |
| CarbonDioxideSaturation | 0.0279 |
| RespiratoryExchangeRatio | 0.829 |
| SystemicVascularResistance(mmHg_s/mL) | 0.964 |
| OxygenConsumptionRate(mL/min) | 197 |
| CarbonDioxideProductionRate(mL/min) | 164 |
| Patient-AlveoliSurfaceArea(m^2) | 54.5 |
| Patient-ExpiratoryReserveVolume(L) | 0.734 |
| Patient-FunctionalResidualCapacity(L) | 1.57 |
| Patient-InspiratoryCapacity(L) | 2.62 |
| Patient-InspiratoryReserveVolume(L) | 2.19 |
| Patient-ResidualVolume(L) | 0.839 |
| Patient-TidalVolumeBaseline(L) | 0.435 |
| Patient-TotalLungCapacity(L) | 4.19 |
| Patient-VitalCapacity(L) | 3.35 |
Scenario Output Plots
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